Practical programming

Real programs interact with files, systems, and external services. These skills allow Python code to persist data, use existing libraries, and communicate over networks. They turn small scripts into usable software and agent-capable systems.

• Files and data formats — Reading, writing, and structuring stored data.
• The Python standard library — Built-in tools for common system tasks.
• Packages and environments — Managing dependencies and isolated setups.
• HTTP and APIs — Sending requests and handling web services.