Foundations

Python rests on a small set of core ideas. These concepts determine how code runs, how data is handled, and how programs are structured. Mastering them makes larger systems, including simple AI agents, possible.

• Getting started — Installing Python and running basic programs.
• Syntax and data — Variables, types, and simple expressions.
• Control flow — Decisions and repeated execution.
• Collections — Organizing and processing grouped data.
• Functions and structure — Reusable logic and modular code organization.